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''Euphorbia tithymaloides'' is a perennial succulent spurge.〔Sajeva and Costanzo, ''Succulents: The Illustrated Dictionary'', 1994, p. 185.〕 An erect shrub,〔Vardhana, ''Direct Uses of Medicinal Plants and Their Identification'', 2008, p. 261.〕 the plant is also known by the scientific name ''Pedilanthus tithymaloides''. However, the genus ''Pedilanthus'' has been submerged into the genus ''Euphorbia'', and is more correctly known by its new name (''Euphorbia tithymaloides'').〔Steinmann, "The Submersion of ''Pedilanthus'' into ''Euphorbia'' (Euphorbiaceae)," ''Acta Botanica Mexicana'', 2003, p. 45.〕〔Spoerke and Smolinske, ''Toxicity of Houseplants'', 1990, p. 181.〕 ''Euphorbia tithymaloides'' has a large number of household names used by gardeners and the public. Among them are buck-thorn, cimora misha, christmas candle, devil's backbone, fiddle flower, ipecacuahana, Jacob's ladder, Japanese poinsettia, Jew's slipper, Jewbush, milk-hedge, myrtle-leaved spurge, Padus-leaved clipper plant, red slipper spurge, redbird cactus, redbird flower, slipper flower, slipper plant, slipper spurge, timora misha, and zig-zag plant.〔〔Nellis, ''Poisonous Plants and Animals of Florida and the Caribbean'', 1997, p. 182-183.〕〔Balfour, ''Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia Commercial, Industrial and Scientific...,'' 1873, p. 77; Strong, ''The American Flora: Or History of Plants and Wild Flowers'', 1850, p. 126; Datta, ''Systematic Botany'', 1988, p. 321.〕 In other parts of the world, it is known as gin-ryu (Japan); pokok lipan and penawar lipan (Indonesia); airi, baire, and agia (India); aperejo (Yoruba); sapatinho do diabo (Brazil); itamo real (Puerto Rico); pantoufle (France); and zapatilla del diablo (Mexico).〔Quattrocchi, ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, and Etymology'', 1990, p. 1987; Torkelson, ''The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants: Common Names, M-Z'', 1996, p. 716.〕〔Liogier and Martorell, ''Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: A Systematic Synopsis'', 2000, p. 105.〕 == Distribution and description == ''Euphorbia tithymaloides'' is native to tropical and subtropical North America and Central America. It prefers soil that is sandy, well-drained, and nutrient-rich, particularly with higher concentrations of boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc.〔Pienaar, ''The South African "What Flower Is That?"'', 2000, p. 253.〕〔Neumann, Kumar, and Sopory, ''Recent Advances in Plant Biotechnology and Its Applications'', 2008, p. 354.〕 It is relatively intolerant of high soil salinity levels, but exhibits saline tolerance if well fertilized.〔 The plant tends to be taller and have more biomass if it is well-watered.〔 The plant requires a sunny area to grow in.〔 The shrub can grow to in height and generally is about in width.〔(Millspaugh and Hamet, ''The Genera "Pedilanthus" and "Cubanthus," and Other American "Euphorbiaceae"'', 1913, p. 355. )〕 The leaf is a simple angiosperm leaf, arranged oppositely on the stem.〔〔 Each leaf is sessile (attaching directly to the plant), and about in length.〔〔 The leaves are glabrous (smooth) and acuminate in shape, with entire (smooth) edges.〔〔 The veins in the leaves are pinnate.〔〔 The plant terminates in a dichotomous cyme, with a peduncle supporting each flower.〔〔 The floral leaves are bifid (split in two parts) and ovate, while the involucral bracts are bright red, irregularly acuminate in shape (e.g., like a slipper), and about in length with a long, thin tube.〔〔 The flower is void of scent.〔Strong, ''The American Flora: Or History of Plants and Wild Flowers'', 1850, p. 127.〕 The male pedicel is hairy, while the female is glabrous.〔 The seed pod is about long and wide, and ovoid in shape (with truncated ends).〔 The plant generally flowers in mid-spring.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Euphorbia tithymaloides」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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